The Nucleus Accumbens CRH-CRHR1 System Mediates Early-Life Stress-Induced Sleep Disturbance and Dendritic Atrophy in the Adult Mouse / 神经科学通报·英文版

Adverse experiences in early life have long-lasting negative impacts on behavior and the brain in adulthood, one of which is sleep disturbance. As the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)-corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1) system and nucleus accumbens (NAc) play important roles in both stress responses and sleep-wake regulation, in this study we investigated whether the NAc CRH-CRHR1 system mediates early-life stress-induced abnormalities in sleep-wake behavior in adult mice. Using the limited nesting and bedding material paradigm from postnatal days 2 to 9, we found that early-life stress disrupted sleep-wake behaviors during adulthood, including increased wakefulness and decreased non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep time during the dark period and increased rapid eye movement (REM) sleep time during the light period. The stress-induced sleep disturbances were accompanied by dendritic atrophy in the NAc and both were largely reversed by daily systemic administration of the CRHR1 antagonist antalarmin during stress exposure. Importantly, Crh overexpression in the NAc reproduced the effects of early-life stress on sleep-wake behavior and NAc morphology, whereas NAc Crhr1 knockdown reversed these effects (including increased wakefulness and reduced NREM sleep in the dark period and NAc dendritic atrophy). Together, our findings demonstrate the negative influence of early-life stress on sleep architecture and the structural plasticity of the NAc, and highlight the critical role of the NAc CRH-CRHR1 system in modulating these negative outcomes evoked by early-life stress.

Clinical application of Bromfenac sodium eye drops in ophthalmology / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#Topical ophthalmic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs)are used to treat ocular surface and anterior segment inflammation as well as postoperative management of pain and inflammation. As a new generation of NSAIDs, because of its unique molecule structure, bromfenac is both a kind of potent anti-inflammatory drug and a lipophilic molecule that can penetrate ocular tissues and as a result increase the duration of action. Bromfenac has an extensive global safety record as an anti-inflammatory drug, as well as in the management of ocular pain and inflammation following cataract and refractive surgery. Apart from the functions mentioned above, nowadays researchers have also discovered other ophthalmic applications of bromfenac sodium, and therefore reach a conclusion that bromfenac sodium eye drops are safe, effective and convenient in terms of ophthalmic treatment.This review summarizes recent application progress of bromfenac sodium eye drops in ophthalmology, and then gives prospect about its future application, hoping to provide a new idea for the clinical treatment in ophthalmology in the future.

Research progress of histone deacetylase 6 inhibitors in the therapy of ischemic stroke / 生理学报

The protein acetylation by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) plays a significant role in the development and maturation of the nervous system. HDAC6, belonging to class II HDACs, by regulating the survival, differentiation and maturation of neural cells, plays an important role in the development of the nervous system and participates in multiple pathological processes of cerebral ischemic injury. In addition, HDAC6 participates in the regulation of cognition and emotion of the brain. This article summarized the latest research results in recent years and expounded that HDAC6 inhibitors could produce a positive and effective neuroprotective effect on ischemic stroke by reducing the neuronal damage induced by excitotoxicity and oxidative stress, depressing the release of inflammatory mediators, inhibiting the apoptosis of neurons and promoting the growth of nerve and blood vessel.

Ophiopogonin D protects cardiomyocytes against doxorubicin-induced injury through suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress / 药学学报

This study aimed to examine whether ophiopogonin D (OP-D) is capable of protecting cardiomyocytes against DOX-induced injury and the mechanisms involved. H9c2 cells were cultured. MTT assay was used to evaluate cell viability and toxicity. Mito-tracker as fluorescence probe was used to measure ROS content raised from mitochondria. The mRNA and protein expression of ATF6alpha, GRP78 and CHOP were analyzed using real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The results showed that a significant endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) was induced upon exposure of H9c2 cells to DOX as indicated by the increase in the expression of ERS related proteins, which was paralleled with the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decrease in the viability of H9c2 cells. Whereas, DOX-induced ROS accumulation and up-regulation of ERS related proteins were partially abolished by pretreatment with OP-D. Consequently, a DOX-induced ERS was mitigated by application of OP-D. Similarly, DOX-induced decrease in cell viability was partially attenuated by either inhibiting CHOP or pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an antioxidant. Moreover, cardiac ultrastructural abnormalities seen in mouse receiving DOX injections were obviously ameliorated by pretreatment of OP-D. Taken together, the present study proved that OP-D protects cardiomyocytes against DOX-induced injury, at least in part, through reducing ROS accumulation and alleviating ERS.

Research progress on intracellular metabolites based on metabolomics / 药学学报

Being an essential component of systematic biology, metabolomics has received attention in recent years. It is a post genomic technology aimed at qualitative and quantitative analysis of all low molecular-mass metabolites present in complex biological samples, and mainly investigates the change of endogenous metabolites of a stimulated or disturbed biological system. Investigations into intracellular endogenous metabolites in metabolomics have great advancement in recent years. This review outlines the progress of metabolomics in cell culture analysis including sample preprocessing methods and metabolite target analysis, metabolic profiling analysis, metabolomics analysis and metabolic footprinting analysis.